Liver Cirrhosis: Causes, Complications And Preparation For Transplantation
Keywords:
Liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, liver transplantation, MELD score, PHES test, rifaximin, lactulose.Abstract
This article explores the etiology and major complications of liver cirrhosis, including portal hypertension, ascites, variceal bleeding, and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Key causes such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD/NASH, autoimmune and genetic liver diseases are examined. Portal hypertension is discussed in terms of its clinical consequences, diagnostic methods (SAAG, ultrasound, paracentesis), and evidence-based treatment options. Diagnostic tools for MHE, such as the PHES test, EncephalApp, EEG, and treatment strategies including lactulose and rifaximin are outlined. The article also reviews liver transplantation preparation, MELD score evaluation, patient selection criteria, and psychosocial readiness. Clinical recommendations are based on up-to-date EASL and AASLD guidelines.
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